How to Perform CPR: The 7 Steps Every Bystander Should Know
Perform CPR in seven steps: ensure scene safety, check responsiveness, call 911 and request an AED, open the airway, deliver 30 chest compressions, give 2 rescue breaths if trained, and attach an AED as soon as it arrives.
Quick facts
- Step 1: Check the scene for safety
- Step 2: Tap and shout — check for response
- Step 3: Call 911 and request an AED
- Step 4: Push hard, push fast in the center of the chest
Compressions before everything else
Modern guidelines (C-A-B) put compressions first to minimize delay. Move the person only if they're in immediate danger.
Two-rescuer flow
Swap roles every 2 minutes to keep compression quality high. The incoming rescuer takes over within 5 seconds to minimize pause time.
After ROSC (return of spontaneous circulation)
Roll the person into the recovery position, monitor breathing, and stay with them until EMS takes over.
Frequently asked questions
- Is mouth-to-mouth still part of CPR?
- Yes — for trained rescuers, children, infants, drowning, and overdose. For untrained adult bystanders, hands-only CPR is preferred.
- Should I check for a pulse?
- Lay rescuers should not — start CPR if the person is unresponsive and not breathing normally. Healthcare providers can take up to 10 seconds.
- What if I do something wrong?
- Imperfect CPR is far better than none. Good Samaritan laws protect rescuers acting in good faith.
Related guides
What Is CPR? A Plain-English Guide to Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
CPR (cardiopulmonary resuscitation) combines chest compressions and rescue breaths to keep blood and oxygen moving during sudden cardiac arrest.
Hands-Only CPR
Hands-only CPR has two steps: call 911 and push hard and fast in the center of the chest at 100–120 BPM until help arrives. No breaths required.
AED Training
AED training teaches you to power on the device, attach pads, follow voice prompts, and deliver a shock safely. Most CPR courses include AED instruction.
Choking Response
For a conscious choking adult or child, use 5 back blows and 5 abdominal thrusts. If the person becomes unresponsive, start CPR immediately.